Cold-weather range hits aren’t as bad for EVs with heat pumps
Cold-weather range hits aren’t as bad for EVs with heat pumps
Heat pumps can mitigate range loss and are standard on newer models.
Is this really an article saying heat pumps are more efficient than resistive heaters? Yes, that is why heat pumps exist.
The biggest issue is the battery itself. If it gets cold enough you can have difficulty even charging an EV outdoors. I would be a lot more concerned with whether or not my battery is well insulated and heated. Heat pumps are great and should be the default, but unless you're going really far or have a very low range EV it's not a huge issue.
Yes, resistive heat is expensive, but that's only part of what makes heat pumps in cars more effective. They don't just heat your cabin, they heat your battery so you maintain range while it's cold out. Here's an article with more details and some pretty infographics.
The heat pumps also preheat the battery so it can charge in extreme cold.
You still need resistive heat as heatpumps don't work below about -20C and those temperatures happen to at least some car buyers.
Yes, they should have both.
I know the resistive heater in my Volt can't compare to the heat put out by the ICE. Often in the winter we'll have to run the ICE to keep the cabin warm enough. It does have heated seats and wheel, but my wife is the type to set the heat to max until it gets too hot rather than just picking a temp and hitting auto to let the car manage it.
If the heat pump can put out more heat for less energy, that would be a boon. That might be the second biggest issue (next to range) that has my wife vetoing an all-electric car. She gets the next vehicle, but I want the one after that to be a full EV.
If you have two cars, one EV and one ICE is a great option. I do recommend whoever is more enthusiastic about EVs get the first one, though.
I know the resistive heater in my Volt can't compare to the heat put out by the ICE.
the ICE generates an insane amount of excess waste heat as a byproduct, so you have a virtually unlimited supply. The Volt is a PHEV so resistive heating was probably not considered super important.
If the heat pump can put out more heat for less energy
There's no if about it, it is ~300% more efficient.
That might be the second biggest issue (next to range)
They are the same issue. Less energy used for heating = more range.
It defintely is a huge issue, considering resistive heaters use 3x as much energy. Most EVs have a "low range" and anything you can do increase it without adding more batteries and weight and cost, especially in winter, is a huge advantage.
The lowest range EV in the US is 114 miles. The average commute is 52 miles. Most EVs sold in the US have a range of 250 miles or more. So a resistive heater eating 10% of your range is way less of an issue than your battery not charging properly in cold weather. Again, heat pumps should be available, but they aren't going to save you if cold weather kills your battery.
Actually, I'm surprised they weren't using them long before. It's basically AC with an extra valve. Thought they get priced like they're some sort of new technology.
Vapor injection is the new technology. It's why older heat pumps were useless below 32f.
Vapor injection becomes an excuse to downsize the compressor and lowers the cost, it seems. You could easily go lower than 32 if you oversized the pump before EVI, but those were only in specific heatpumps.
I suspect the reason for that was that the pumps used in car ACs are not really very powerful. They were alright for cooling the car down, but for heating heat up in a cold environment you need a fair amount of throughput, they work if you have the throughput, but you need it to be there.
They work by pulling ambient heat out a large part of the outside and dumping it into the small inside. You need many times the contents of the interior to warm up if it's a cold day outside. Thus you need a lot of air and if you want it to happen in a reasonable time frame you need quite a powerful little motor. The ones on houses are fine because they're huge anyway.
I reckon they thought seat heating and steering wheel was enough, and it kinda is for the most part
As someone in a rural state, cold weather range is one of my chief concerns. I work from home but on the weekends travel to far away backcountry areas to ski.
I'd like to get a full EV when my current lease expires(2.5 years) but the pool of cars that are affordable, have AWD, and 300 miles of range(aka 180-225 in winter) is quite limited.
Just leased an Ioniq 6 and been loving it. Depending on what you consider affordable, it checks your boxes! I leased mine during a major sale and with a trade in, though.
Chevy Equinox? I guess it depends on what you call affordable and how long the $7500 federal tax credit survives
Not a bad option but still below 300 miles with the AWD.
In 2.5 years, the EV market will look very different. Just the last year has shifted a lot around with the used market (such as Hertz cycling out a bunch of Teslas and offloading them cheap).
It found that those models lost 21 percent of their range on average when temperatures drop to 32° Fahrenheit.
That is a pretty significant drop.
When its that cold I use a signifcant amount of fuel more than when its warmer. I think this will improve with better battery tech. I don't think my petrol will.
Winter gas also has less energy in it than summer gas, due to the different (lighter hydrocarbon, mostly more butane) mix.
Fair, but my hybrid (not plugin) gets about the same efficiency regardless of outdoor temperature, it's usually around 45-50 mpg. While pure combustion engines likely won't improve, hybrid systems can absolutely thread that needle really well and are a great option if you need range in the winter.
We currently have a hybrid and a pure ICE car, and we're planning on replacing them with an EV and a hybrid. I'm not giving up my hybrid until EVs can go >500 miles on a single charge, because we regularly go on road trips of >800 miles in a single day, and EV charging infra is pretty spotty in those areas.