Where did the abbreviation "w/" for "with" come from?
Where did the abbreviation "w/" for "with" come from?
Hi, English isn't my mother tongue so I was asking myself that question since I first encounted a w/... Back then I was like: "What tf does 'w slash' stand for?" And when I found out I was like "How, why, and is it any intuitive?" But I never dared to ask that until now
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All in all, the / is just one style of abbreviation used in English. It's not only used for "with", but also a few other words (w/o = without, N/A = not applicable).
In German we abbreviate using a dot (e.g. "m." = "mit" = "with). That's not more or less intuitive, it's just what you are used to.
What's kinda special with English is that there are multiple abbreviation styles. Off the top of my head I can think of six styles:
- Abbreviate random parts of words using a slash: "N/A", "w/", "w/o"
- Abbreviate keeping only the first letter of a word using a dot: "e.g."
- Abbreviate keeping the first and some random later consonants (and sometimes consonants that aren't in the word at all) without using punctuation: Dr, Mr, Ms, Mrs
- Abbreviate using acronyms and no punctuation: BBC
- Abbreviate using acronyms and dots: B.C.
- Abbreviate by substituting parts of the word with a single letter: Xmas (Christmas), Xing (Crossing)
I'm used to Dr., Mr., Mrs. all needing the dot.
I'd also add the medical ones which all use x, and most use the first letter of the word, but not all, so it's kinda point 3, kinda not:
- Prescription: rx
- Symptoms: sx
- Diagnosis: dx
- History: hx
I learned similar shorthand from an accountant, who wrote transfer (money transfer between accounts) as tx.
Also, it used to be obligatory to put the dot on Mr., Mrs., Dr., etc. I'm old, I remember how it was taught. And we called those dots "periods". I haven't been in school in decades, but I've been noticing those dots disappearing.
Prescription: rx
I work in radio electronics and RX is receive. TX is transmit.
In programmer lingo we'll sometimes shorten words with the number of letters in between:
i18n (internationalization) and L10n (localization). I just learned of g11n (globalization), too.
Wait until you learn about k8s
No thanks!
This one is terrible IMO. A11y is ironically very inaccessible unless you’re aware of this unintuitive system.
Now that I know it though, it's a good way to distinguish between similar common abbreviations. For instance I know you don't mean "Actually" even though I'm not sure what you do mean by A11y.
Accessibility I think :-)
Oh, really!? That's a good one for me to learn! (Spouse is a quad who uses a lot of computer A11y aids)
Also k8s for Kubernetes.
True, forgot about that one. I really hat this style of abbreviation^^
T2e, f4t a3t t2t o1e. I r4y h2e t2s s3e o0f a10n^^
F3d i0t f1r y1u.
Aaarg!!
You'll be a hero at work when your coworkers see how efficient your commit messages have become.
Clearly the next step in evolution will be this...
Y77e.
The information you see is only the identifier and metadata, the main content will be transferred directly via the neural transceiver.
you h2e it?
Wait. That is why it's called i18n!? Never knew that.
d4s (dingus)
r13y (reproducibility)
Dr., Mrs., Ms. etc. are traditionally abbreviated with periods/dots but it does raise issues typing on one's phone because autocorrect thinks it's the end of a sentence, so sans dots is becoming more common. And there's other examples which have never had dots, like nvm and af
X is a little special, it stands for Cross and therefore also for Christ. When illiterate medieval people had to sign documents they were told to make the sign of the Cross, since they were usually swearing
Edit: anyone else always pronounce PED XING as pedexing instead of pedestrian crossing?
Using the period with titles is standard in the US and leaving out the period is standard in the UK.
As a non-Christian, I never made that Xmas connection. It sounds cool, but I was never sure why anyone started calling that (and evidently never curious enough to go looking for an answer or even really ask, I just kinda took it as one of those things that is how it is because people are going to people).
Oddly enough, people who didn't know that part of the history got angry "they took Christ out of Christmas!" So then people who liked the holiday but not the religion used it to do exactly that. As you say, people people.
As a non-Christian, I never made that Xmas connection.
Well, as a Christian, I wouldn't feel bad about it because the poster is not correct. The X in Xmas does not stand for a cross, it comes from the Greek spelling of Christ which is Χριστός. The chi-rho symbol (☧) is an imposition of the first two letters (Χ and ρ) and is still commonly used to refer to Christ in some denominations.
As a bonus: if you've ever wondered (or not wondered) why some Christian symbolism uses a fish, ἸΧΘΥΣ (or ICTHYS) is an acronym for Ἰησοῦς Χρῑστός Θεοῦ Υἱός Σωτήρ, "which translates into English as 'Jesus Christ, God's Son, Savior'." (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichthys) This has been used since the first century.
if you've ever wondered (or not wondered) why some Christian symbolism uses a fish, ἸΧΘΥΣ (or ICTHYS) is an acronym for Ἰησοῦς Χρῑστός Θεοῦ Υἱός Σωτήρ
And that presumably is drawn as a fish in some language?
"ἰχθύς" is the ancient greek word for "fish" https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ΙΧΘΥΣ
I don't see that word used in their comment?
click on the link pls
Oh... I see, so it's the word for fish.
It would be like if we had an acronym F.I.S.H. and some people got cute and drew a 🐟 instead of writing F.I.S.H.
Edit: anyone else always pronounce PED XING as pedexing instead of pedestrian crossing?
Yes, that's how I pronounce it.
Both Dr and Dr. are possible.
When you type Dr., et al., you normally follow it with a proper noun. Why is the auto caps an issue?
For instance, if you want to text someone "I have an appointment with the Dr. at 11 on Tuesday". Depending on the dr's name it might be more to type than someone cares to, especially if it isn't the most pertinent piece of information.
If you are gonna put Dr then odds are you'll follow with @ and it's a non-issue.
Because, as you probably just noticed, it's sometimes part of a sentence, used without the name. Maybe I'm texting "Dr says it's not a tumor, I'm pregnant" or something.
In addition, Dr (w/ or w/o .) sometimes means Drive, and USPS sorting machines prefer no dots, so that might also drive autotype to choose dotless, or at least offer it.
Don’t forget re: which means regarding or in reference to, not reply.
... I think it's actually a Latin word, "re,", meaning, "the matter (subject)" not an abbreviation at all.
yeah this is a real pet peeve of mine.
In German many people, web mailers and also sometimes even email software use "AW:" (short for AntWort) instead of "Re:" and then some of them don't even recognize the existence of a previous "AW:" or "Re:" giving you such wondrous email subjects as: "AW: Re: AW: Re: AW: AW: Re: AW: Re: really important subject" 🤦
Oh, that totally works with a single language too: "Re: Re: Re:..." or "AW: AW: AW:..." seen both of that often enough.
yes indeed. i keep being confused how email can still suck so much sometimes when it had decades to mature.
Massive amounts of federation ;)
It's really hard to get thousands of software development companies, hundreds of thousands of hosters and billions of users to unitedly go for a new thing.
“AW: Re: AW: Re: AW: AW: Re: AW: Re:
Ah, yes, you get forwards from my boomer-aged father, too!
The Foreword? Or is that answer? Forward in English would be the author's message at the beginning of a book.
don't forget using contractions on single words, like cont'd, pop'n (sometimes written popn)
don't forget x in medical settings. eg, dx is diagnose, tx is treatment, etc
Bonus points for one of your examples being e.g. which stands for exempli gratia, translating to "for example"
Which is kinda weird in it self, because when abbreviating you not only change the words but even the language.
Hardly anyone would ever write "exempli gratia" in a normal text, and "f.e." would also not be understandible for most people.
So in regular use, "e.g." is practically the abbreviation for "for example"
True, but we have lots of examples of that in English, to the point where I don't think it's that weird. e.g., i.e., b.c., a.d., etc., and so on. What's even weirder to me is that we have sayings in English that use words that are otherwise not used anymore. "To and fro", "lo and behold", "eke out", "inclement weather" (it's hard to even find a definition of inclement because it's only used to describe weather), "spick and span", "days of yore"
In German, we too have words that only survived in specific versions. What's really weird is that we have words like that, that died out, but a specific form survived, and then the word gets re-imported from another language with a slightly different meaning.
Take for example "Rasse" (race) and "Rassismus" (racism).
In German before WW1 the word "Rasse" was used to differentiate between the locals and the neighbouring "others". So the usage was like "the German race", "the French race", "the English race", "the Jewish race" and so on. After WW2 that word just about disappeared from the German language because it was used so heavily by the Nazis and also because it had no real meaning. They also used terms like "the Human race". So race could be anything from "speaks another language but looks exactly like me" to "species". It was almost exclusively (except for "the Human race") used to dehumanize the others.
But the term "Rassismus" survived and it's meaning is about the same as xenophobia in English. Thus, if a white person from France hates everyone from Belgium, that's racism.
In the USA on the other hand, the word "race" was used to differentiate between the white population (which came from all over Europe) and the "others", which in this case were Africans, Native Americans, Asians and South Americans. Like with the term "Rasse", "race" was also used to dehumanize the others. And accordingly, "racism" only applies when someone hates people of another race by the USA definition. But unlike in German, the USA was never ruled by Nazis, and thus the word "race" was never discontinued.
And now the English word "race" is getting re-imported to the German language, but with the US meaning, because there is no German meaning left.
So right now in the German language, "Rasse" means Black, White, Asian, ..., while "Rassismus" can totally be against someone who is of the same "Rasse" but speaks another language or is from another country.
Abbreviate keeping the first and some random later consonants (and sometimes consonants that aren't in the word at all) without using punctuation: Dr, Mr, Ms, Mrs
I think it's usually the first letter(s) and the last letter(s). In older English handwritings I've come across M.ʳ etc. So I think that's were those came from.
In the Speedwriting shorthand system, developed in 1924 for use with typewriter, / Is used to denote omitted sylables, so 'with' becomes w/ and 'without' becomes w/o. Here is a pretty deep guide on the precepts of Speedwriting:
But shouldn't "w/o" then be written as "w/o/"?
And "N/A" omits more than one sylable in "applicable".
I guess it's a grown system.
Yeah. I have no evidence that this system invented those shortcuts, they may predate it by quite a bit
Yeah, it's really hard to pinpoint such simple inventions.
Abbreviate using the first and then any choice of following letter that differentiates it from the other possibilities in a specific group: AL, AR, AK, AZ... MA, ME, MD, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT.... WA, WI, WV, WY!
Well tbf those are post codes designed by the postal service to represent states. I wouldn't really count it as a naturally developed abbreviation like the ones above, it's no different from .fr, .es, .co.uk, etc.
The abbreviations for states used before the two-letter ones, however, are much weirder! E.g. Penna. for Pennsylvania
Tbf iirc the USPS had to make sure they didn't conflict with other previously existing abbreviations. Although as someone living in LA, CA* they didn't quite succeed
(Not Louisiana, Canada but the other one)
Except Dr., Mr., ie., etc. use a period.
Both versions exist: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_(title)#Abbreviation
What about acronyms and initialization?
m. is not a German abbreviation for mit, afaik. I never once read that. Where did you get that from?
As an Austrian, I have often seen it on food packaging with limited space. Something like "Rotkraut m. Apfel".
That is interesting. Thanks.
Those are initialisms, not acronyms.
Wikipedia at least sees initialisms as a type of acronyms. But even if it didn't, your comment would still be unhelpful pedantry.
K.
(That's an initialism for "OK".)
And OK is initialism for okay.
It's actually an initialism for "Oll Korrect". I'm not kidding.
Is that why people sometimes say "O.K."? I always assumed it was just a grammar mistake. The more you know lol
Yeah, "O.K." came first, "okay" was later. It has a weird history. According to the American Heritage Dictionary:
During the 1830s there was a humoristic fashion in Boston newspapers to reduce a phrase to initials and supply an explanation in parentheses. Sometimes the abbreviations were misspelled to add to the humor. OK was used in March 1839 as an abbreviation for all correct, the joke being that neither the O nor the K was correct. Originally spelled with periods, this term outlived most similar abbreviations owing to its use in President Martin Van Buren's 1840 campaign for reelection. Because he was born in Kinderhook, New York, Van Buren was nicknamed Old Kinderhook, and the abbreviation proved eminently suitable for political slogans.
I'm not the person you were replying to, but the source linked on the wiki for that statement actually refers to them as being distinct.
Initialisms are acronyms
Similes are metaphors, too