I have to say, I'm getting more and more frustrated by the bad code I have to write due to bad business circumstances.
I want clean, readable code with proper documentation and at least a bit of internal consistency and not the shoehorned mess of hacks, todos and weird corner cases.
Don't just put "TODO". If they're in the final pull request, they need to mention a ticket that's intended to fix that TODO. If you/your team decides it's not important, then remove it and close out the ticket. Either way, you're required to do something with it.
But this isn't exactly what you asked for, so I'll try to help you get it as best I can with my limited understanding of the subject. First of all it would be helpful to know what your prior knowledge in Maths, especially Set theory, is?