Yes, I know, draw.io theoretically isn't entirely open source, but the source code is available and it can be self-hosted. Honestly, that's good enough for me, I think I can make an exception for this one. But generally I care a lot about strictly using FOSS too. It can also be integrated with Nextcloud: https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/drawio
I didn’t myself, but talked to a colleague recently who set it up for our company. Apparently it was quite tricky to get the various containers set up just right, as they need to communicate with each other but also be user facing and have proper certs and so on. I don’t have any details, but usually this guy is very good at deploying stuff, so if he admits to struggling I know it must be seriously hard.
Does inkscape have diagram connecting? One of the best draw.io features is the wide array of premade shapes, styles, and auto connecting for flow visualization
By no means the best option, but the tikz latex package works and pandoc can handle the conversion to your preferred format. I would limit this to very simple diagrams.
None of the Work may be used in any form as part, or whole, of an
integration, plugin or app that integrates with Atlassian's
Confluence or Jira products.
That is a weird carve-out, so I'd guess the license revision (and technically the reason it's no longer open source) somehow has to do with Atlassian or their plugin marketplace?