Not gonna lie. If transporters were real, I would have transporter psychosis just like Barkley. The thought of essentially seizing to exist and being put back together just sounds horrendous to me.
I'm with Bones on this one. The transporter kills you. If we have any sense of soul, or anything beyond the patterns in our biological computer brain, then the transporter kills that, and a facsimile of you is reconstructed on the other end. So you as a physical being still exists, but the ghost in the shell is destroyed. The Federation in Star Trek is full of soulless copies, and the only real people left are the minorities like Bones and Barkley.
"Ensign, the logs seem to indicate that after Dr Crusher returned from the planet, two additional materilizations happened with modifications. Do you know anything about this?"