十面埋伏 (trans: Ambush from All Sides) is a 琵琶 (pípá or "Chinese lute") long form solo composition dating in its first form from the 16th century, but whose current popular form stems from a 19th century publication of collected pipa works. It's written in the 武 (wǔ or martial) style¹ and is a sweeping sonic depiction of the Battle of Gaixia, the final major battle of the Chu-Han Contention, in 202BCE.
This is one of the most demanding and complicated pieces in pipa canon that strains the player's ability in every possible performance technique; if you're listening to someone playing it you're almost certainly listening to a virtuoso performer. Personally I love it because:
Its composition is top notch and evokes the battle it portrays with vivid musicality.
I admire listening to virtuoso players of any instrument.
I like the sound of the pipa in general.
The performance linked to is considered one of the ultimate performances; Liu Fang is, as is required to play this piece at all, a virtuoso but she adds a dimension of passion to the piece rarely heard in the staid world of Chinese classical music.
¹ As opposed to the 文 (wén or civil) style, which tends to be more bucolic in theme and style.
This is a traditional piece, so there is no year. I can only share when the two versions of it approximately developed, hence "16th century" and "19th century" in brackets. That's the closest we can get to the year.