Modern Git Commands and Features You Should Be Using
Modern Git Commands and Features You Should Be Using
<p> All of us - software engineers - use <code class="inline">git</code> every day, however most people only ever touch the most basic of commands, such as...
Why using a worktree? I will simply commit my WIP modifications on the dev branch.
Switch branch to work on the bugfix. And when Im finished I move back to the development branch? Why is this worse than doing this worktree stuff?
I'm a C++ dev, I have one checkout of the main repo and 3 worktrees. Switching branches can be expensive because of recompiles, so to do e.g. quick fixes I'll use worktree 1 where I typically don't even compile the code, just make the fix and push it to the CI system. Worktrees 2 and 3 I keep at older releases so I can immediately fire up development and one of those releases side by side and compare results as well as the code.
The cool thing about worktrees instead of multiple checkouts is that you only have one .git folder, so less disk space. But more importantly local branches (well everything actually) are shared, so you can create a local branch in the main checkout, and later come back to it in a worktree. You also don't need fetching/... in the worktrees, as they share the same .git folder.
Only thing that I found virtually impossible to work with is worktree + submodules.
Huh, you know what, maybe I'll give something like that a try. In the past I've tried doing one worktree per branch, but it was a pretty big hassle since I'd have to copy over a bunch of files every time (stuff sitting in the directory but not version-controlled). Yeah it can be automated, but it didn't seem worth it. But a persistent set of work trees that I can use to parallelize when needed sounds pretty good.
thanks for elaborating. will give it a try :)
Ah man, I'm with a project that already uses a poly repo setup and am starting an integration repo using submodules to coordinate the Dev environment and unify with CI/CD. Sub modules have been great for introspection and and versioning, rather than relying on some opaque configuration file to check out all the different poly repos at build time. I can click the the sub module links on GitHub and redirect right to the reference commit, while many IDEs can also already associate the respective git tag for each sub module when opening from the super project.
I was kind of bummed to hear that working trees didn't have full support with some modules. I haven't used working trees with this super project yet, but what did you find about its incompatibility with some modules? Are there certain porcelain commands just not supported, or certain behaviors don't work as expected? Have you tried the global git config to enable recursive over sub modules by default?
I'm imagining a scenario where you're working on a feature that changes the DB state (e.x. introduces a new DB migration that changes some columns) and the bug is on an unrelated part of the code from your feature. In this hypothetical, going back to the state of the upstream branch would make your local environment non functional, and the bug is on an unrelated part of the code. Fairly specific scenario but hey, you can worktree for that. It's not particularly thorough, though.
A monrepo is another good reason (besides those mentioned). When switching branches changes hundreds of files, it's not so quick or slick anymore.
A
commitfollowed by aresetorcommit --amendlater is one more step than aworktree --add. Plus there have been lots of times when I've had some changes staged, and some unstaged debugging or experimental changes that I want to make sure not to commit, and thinking about how to pack all that away neatly so I could get back where I was seemed sufficiently obnoxious that I avoided doing whatever would have required a quick branch switch. Worktree would have let me pick up where I left off without having to think about it.Hmmm. Thanks. I might try it out another time soon:).
- Scenario: I'm in the middle of writing a new feature.
- Boss, to me: "Shit broke. Go figure it out."
- Me, thinking: I'm in the middle of doing some complex work. If I commit/stash and close the open files, it will take a day for me to remember WTF I was doing.
- Me: "Oh look, worktrees! I can leave my workspace intact with all the files open, pending changes, test results, terminal output, everything! And just create a new worktree to checkout the production version and debug! I'm saved!"
Also setting up a worktree is really easy.
git worktree add ../hotfix prod-branch && cd ../hotfixand get working. Though in reality it'scd ../hotfix && git checkout prod-branchbecause I've never needed more than one secondary worktree.Recently I had to do an update to the underlying environment a codebase ran on. This was a somewhat involved upgrade and took a longer period of time than most of our work usually does. I did it in a separate worktree, so I didn't have to constantly rejuggle the installed dependencies in the project, and could work on two features relatively concurrently
It also provides some utility for comparing the two versions. Nothing you couldn't do other ways, but still useful
Because you'd have to stash your modifications to be able to switch branch. The stash is a stack so very limited in what it can do (just push and pop). You might prefer to commit on a temporary branch instead. But you might also need some parts from your current modifications for the bug fix, at which point having it taken away on another branch or in stash won't do. I would usually end up resorting to doing another checkout side by side anyway, and if I can make it a sparse checkout it's even better.
Because you’d have to stash your modifications to be able to switch branch.
OP said nothing about stashing, only committing WIP commits to feature branches. I don't think none of your remarks apply, because if you really need stuff from the WIP commits you can also cherry-pick them or checkout specific files.
I've been using the newer commands like
switchandrestorefor a while. But I learned a few things here that will indeed make my work easier.git switchandgit restorewere introduced way back in 2019. I don't think they count as new.Wdym? 2019 was last year. Right...?
I should really start using
switchandrestore. I haven't destroyed work yet due to a fat finger, but it as always its good to get into the habit of using safer commands.I would love to get the chance to use
bisectone day. Usually when the opportunity comes up, the range of commits I'd have to look through cover large refactors or broken code or tests that make it infeasible, Because I'd have to spend more time than it's worth altering my local setup to try and isolate the issue.Additionally, switch performs extra sanity checks that checkout doesn't, for example switch would abort operation if it would lead to loss of local changes.
What checks? Under what situation does checkout lead to loss of changes? If I make changes and attempt to checkout a ref that would overwrite them, I get the following error:
error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by checkout: some/file Please commit your changes or stash them before you switch branches. AbortingTo my knowledge it's not possible to overwrite changes when switching branches/refs (
git checkout <ref>without any other arguments or flags) so I guess what the author really means is, "If you use checkout incorrectly you can overwrite local changes." As far as I can recall I've never accidentallygit checkout <ref> <some/file>so I don't see a reason to retrain my muscle memory. I do usegit restoresince it's behavior is a lot more obvious than checkout/reset though sometimes I still usegit checkout <ref> -- <some/file>because muscle memory.Note that
worktreedoes not work with submodules. Which IMO is a strong enough reason to never use submodules because worktrees are so useful!