I see this more as a tool for people who notice reduced battery life and want to do something about it. Currently they essentially need to guess if the battery is the issue and get it replaced to find out.
If you notice your battery life shortening, the health check can either confirm that you will see improvement with a new battery, or it will tell you your battery is okay, and reduced life is due to software changes or increased usage.
The phone I bought used was fortunately a company phone where the prior user barely touched it. So it lasted two years before really going to crap. But I've seen stories of used phones working fine for a few months then the battery just goes to shit.
Honestly sometimes I get carried away on my device and eat through 20-30% of my battery. And then start thinking it needs replacement because it felt like it's just been a few mins... before popping open the battery stats and realise i've actually been on my phone for hours 🤦♂️
does it see future? all it knows is the current calculated capacity and cycle count. the battery might continue degrading linearly, or it might go down a cliff. nobody knows.
Ever look at a weather report? Predicting the future according to a model whose inputs are measurements of things we can't directly perceive is something we do all the time.
You're seriously gonna argue that having a complete history of a battery's usage and data from phones of the same model doesn't tell you anything more than a user's gut feeling about how well the battery is performing?