They're traveling in a medium, so they move slower than in space
Due to the random walk caused by multiple scattering, it can take millions of years for a photon to escape the sun after bring produced in the core.
You are right that they don't gather energy, but they do multiply. What would be a single high energy x ray in the core will eventually downscatter into an army of optical photons.
For photons, their moving relatively slow from the inside to the outside of the sun. Although, I think, it's technically a bunch of photons bumping each other into existence.
... they definitely don't move slowly through the sun.
They kind of do. While the photons inside the Sun move at a very high speed, they can take up to about 170,000 years to get from the middle of the Sun to the outside, because they change directions a lot on the way.