I've passed through my GPU for acceleration purposes which has worked pretty well. I don't see a passed-through GPU in your screenshot. I'll assume you turned on the correct IOMMU and SR-IOV settings, added the PCI:E hardware to that VM, and made sure it showed up inside the guest OS?
Yup! The screenshot can be confiding because I tinker a lot with cpu, memory, pcie etc. I made it work with gpu pass through etc. so it was hard for me to capture exact setup in a single screenshot. in fact, games that don’t require proton runs very well like Celeste.
Are you passing through a GPU? If so, are you sure the proxmox host isn't using it?
Edit: Just saw the link in the post was to a GPU passthrough guide, so better question, do you see the GPU from within the VM?
I've admittedly never tried gaming on a linux VM or LXC in proxmox, but I've done other tasks that required GPU hardware acceleration with no issues with both.
Don't know much about proxmox, but I know that Hyper-V tries to create every VM with Secure Boot turned on, and every Linux distro I've tried won't boot the installer like that.