/e/OS it is degoogled but most of the "Google" applications have been replacedby great opensource alternatives or adapted. The app store still allows us to install apps from the playstore but anonymously.
InTune is mobile device management that allows a company to enforce policies on your phone such as pin code length/screen locking policies, and ability to remotely wipe your phone. Since these privacy ROMs are about giving control back to the user, I suspect that there will be problems with MDM enforcement software like InTune. I no longer work for a company that uses that software though, so no chance to test it out.
This site has a crowd sourced list of apps that includes their compatibility on deGoogled Android devices.
Personally, I've had very few issues with apps not working, and banking/productivity apps haven't given me issues on CalyxOS, but your mileage may vary
Yes, I'm able to use banking apps on CalyxOS (unofficial, running Xiaomi Redmi Note 10 Pro here). With root even. I installed the Universal SafetyNet Fix magisk module by Displax, enabled Zygisk, Enforce DenyList and checked the banking app on Configure DenyList.
I also installed the Systemless Hosts module and enabled it after. But I'm not sure if it did anything.
I've been on Graphene for 2 years now, and all my banking apps (from 3 different countries, business and personal) work perfectly.
I used Calyx for a while, and everything worked there as well.
For most deGoogled OSs that allow to te-lock the bootloader, there should be no issues when using banking apps.
Fair enough. I considered it. Their scanning of people's clouds shattered the illusion of privacy for me and I just couldn't. Probably far better than google, but I'm not sure I personally could class it as good.
The apps I need (bank and ID) work perfect, my device even passes safetynet. I get updates from Playstore via Aurora. Only thing I can't do is pay for apps.