my 23.10 now boots to single user mode (the tty1 log in page), After logging in with username and password (not as root, but regular me) I get this message:
/etc/update-motd.d/95 updates available 7: /usr/share/update-notifier/notify-updates-outdated: not found
run-parts: /etc/update-motd.d/95 updates available exited with return code 127
If you have Ubuntu install USB ready, I can't see why not try the command.
One of the engineer in my workplace did the upgrade (22.04 -> 23.10 -> 24.04), also end up with broken system, I fixed their Ubuntu by doing these steps.