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There are a lot of cities with a population <1 million for a statistics about cities with a population of 1million plus
It's probably metro areas vs strict municipal limits.
For example Athens' actual municipality has ~700k official residents but the city itself has ~3m residents in 40 municipalities.
Yes, as the legend says, it's the city region
In that case Mannheim would be lot higher up if we could ditch Ludwigshafen.
And Berlin would be on this List if we could ditch Berlin
The metro region also has Heidelberg and Weinheim. GDP per capita there is quite high.
Considering most of the Netherlands is practically one large metropolitan area (15-30 minute train commute between different cities for example), this is probably reasonable.
Though some population estimates have Amsterdam at above 1m since 1999 (definitely not accurate), the real numbers are published by the CBS (central bureau for statistics). And Amsterdam was at 918 117 in 2023 at the time this statistic was published.
So, close enough?