I’m vividly aware of that second one, as an atheist. On social media I’ve seen posts by atheists who were once Muslim, they told such depressing stories of hiding, of trying to save up to move to Western Europe or North America. Gays too, and for them it’s even harder since all it takes is hungrily eyeing one cute guy by mistake for the game to be up as they prepare to run. And in college I once met a gay from Saudi Arabia who quietly deconverted (became an atheist) from Islam and later escaped to the US using that university (hopefully he has citizenship, a green card or something), I once overheard him talking about how scared he felt around followers of his former faith.