Back then, they seemed to just wear a lot more clothes. It's such an odd stance to think you can't use an umbrella or clothing to block out the sun. I can understand being skeptical about the side-effects of sunscreen being slathered on your body and absorbed... but it's pretty common to see depiction of parasols being used in older times.
I have lupus and my skin has become really sensitive to the sun as I’ve got older. I think about getting a parasol fairly regularly but I don’t have the confidence or style to pull it off unfortunately!
I just visited DC a few weeks ago and it was insanely hot and bright. I always carry an umbrella in my day bag so I used it for shade walking around. Even though it looked dorky and wasn't at all stylish I got a ton of compliments and nods of approval. Just do it, nobody will judge, everyone will think you're a genius.